The objective of the Moving Texas Exports series of papers is to describe the supply chains for six of Texas’ major export commodities and identify the role of transportation in the supply chain. Cotton has been cultivated in Texas since 1745, and Texas has played a prominent role in the farming and distribution of cotton since the 1800s. Texas’ cotton production is concentrated in the Panhandle and West Texas, with the most production of cotton occurring in Hale County in the Panhandle. This is the first paper in the series and documents the role of transportation in the cotton export supply chain and key transportation issues and concerns.