Regional Mobility Authorities (RMAs) are independent local government agencies authorized to finance, develop, and implement transportation projects. RMAs first came into being in 2002 as a result of actions taken by the 77th Texas Legislature, and a total of nine of these agencies have been created since then. This research effort reviewed the current financial state of RMAs and their projects under development using details from annual reports and annual financial statements. Researchers developed geographic and demographic profiles to characterize each of the agencies and the environment in which they operate, and examined both the history and current activities of RMAs from a statutory and operational standpoint in terms of successes, project implementation progress, and the varied approaches used in development and implementation. The research also describes the role of RMAs in transportation development with respect to metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), rural planning organizations (RPOs), and local governments.