How to Fix Congestion

Traffic ManagementTraffic management is an essential component of congestion mitigation. It can help improve the efficiency of the system by rapidly clearing collisions and stalled vehicles or improving signal coordination so drivers experience green lights as they move in the peak travel direction. While many of these are primarily agency actions, several of them will benefit from collaboration with businesses, commuters, and neighborhoods.

Travel OptionsTravel options during peak periods of travel can reduce congestion at very low cost. Reducing single occupant vehicle trips by encouraging practices like ridesharing or vanpooling can reduce roadway congestion. Travel options are implemented by public agencies who determine a trip reduction program, or by individual employers who choose to participate in telecommuting and compressed work week scheduling.

System ModificationThere are several approaches to using the road space more efficiently to reduce congestion and improve safety. Some of these ideas involve re-working the existing space by providing turn lanes or medians that channel traffic; some involve new intersection designs that reduce the number of conflict points; and some are approaches that take advantage of public transit or freight moving capabilities.

Additional CapacityAdding capacity is the most frequently cited approach to congestion reduction. Additional capacity is achieved through adding traffic lanes, construction of new roadways, managed lanes, or improved designs.

Construction ImprovementsThere are well accepted methods for reducing the effect of construction projects. These include the use of design techniques that require less new construction, doing the construction in ways that reduce the time or the amount of road closures, and accommodating construction techniques that also mean less maintenance over the many years of pavement life.

FreightCongestion mitigation strategies targeted specifically at how freight moves about the roadway network can have a big effect on both commuter and freight travel. These contain a broad mix of state, local, or private solutions that adjust how, where, and when freight travels.

TransitTransit services offer an alternative to driving. Whether by bus, train, or anything in between, transit can take a significant number of drivers off the road, dramatically improving congestion on some corridors while providing riders with extra free time during their commute.

Land Use PlanningWhich came first: the development or the road to reach it? How land is developed directly impacts transportation for generations to come, even though this connection is sometimes forgotten. Land use strategies can make transit, walking, or bicycling more viable, provide alternate routes for travelers, or ensure commuters are closer to their destinations.

Active Traffic ManagementThough relatively new to the United States, active traffic management refers to several congestion mitigation strategies used together to change traffic patterns, alter operating conditions, and modify road capacity on a minute-to-minute basis using current and near-future conditions. The strategies modify the way that travelers and shippers use the road and can postpone the onset and size of stop-and-go traffic congestion.

Pricing StrategiesTreating transportation, time, parking, and congestion like a commodity can actually reduce congestion. Charging users based on the route or time they travel can dissuade travelers from those options. Conversely, paying or rewarding travelers for off-peak travel, routes, or modes can encourage a shift in the worst congested areas. Who knew economics could be so cool?

Bicycle & Pedestrian FacilitiesProviding options for and encouraging people to walk or ride a bicycle can reduce congestion in dense areas or where short trips are frequently made. Usually, this is only a matter of ensuring pedestrians and cyclists feel safe and confident on their journey. And there’s an added benefit too: healthy living.

TechnologyTechnology will play an ever-increasing role in how states, private companies, and citizens approach transportation and congestion. Either by smart roadway networks, automated vehicles, or apps that give you up-to-date information, one thing is certain—technology and congestion solutions will be intertwined.